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. 2019 Mar 27;20(7):1526. doi: 10.3390/ijms20071526

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Structure of adiponectin gene and its promoter region. Binding sites (cis-elements) are STAT-RE: Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription Response Element; CCAAT: CCAAT box is a distinct pattern of nucleotides with GGCCAATCT consensus sequence; SRE: Serum Response Element; PPRE: Peroxisome Proliferator Response Element; ATF-RE: Activating Transcription Factor-Response Element; LRH-RE: Liver Receptor Homolog 1 Response Element; E-box: Enhancer-box; NFAT-RE: Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells Response Element. Transcription factors (trans-elements) are STAT5: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5; C.EBPα: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha; PPAR: Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor gamma; ATF3: Activating Transcription Factor 3; NFATc4: Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells 4; LRH-1: Liver Receptor Homolog-1. The stimulatory (+) and inhibitory (−) roles of each transcription factor in the adiponectin gene expression are shown below the binding sites.