Table 1.
The effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of kidney disease.
| Pathological Condition | Type of Source | Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) | BM-derived MSC | Protection against kidney tubular injury, M2 macrophage infiltration and reduction of inflammatory responses, improvement of renal function | [41] |
| AKI | UC-derived MSC | Decrease in BUN and creatinine levels, recovery of renal lesions and cell senescence, improvement of glomerular filtration, induction of proliferation | [42,43] |
| Clinical trial (AKI) | BM-derived MSC | Phase I, exploratory study of 16 patients, estimating safety and efficacy of MSC administration |
NCT00733876 [5,26,47] |
| Clinical trial (AKI) | BM-derived MSC | Phase II, oncology patients with cisplatin-mediated AKI, testing of the feasibility and safety of MSC therapy, treatment to recover kidney function | NCT01275612 |
| Chronic kidney disease (CKD) | AD-derived MSC | Recovery of MSC functionality, such as mitochondrial dysfunction via treatment of pioglitazone, reduction of p-cresol mediated apoptosis | [19] |
| CKD with renovascular hypertension | BM-derived MSC | Enhancement of renal function, increase of ATPase activity, improvement of renal morphology, decrease of renal fibrosis | [20] |
| CKD | BM-derived MSC | Alleviation of renal fibrosis and chronic inflammation, reduction of collagen deposition, modulation of chemokine and cytokine expression | [56] |
| Clinical trial (CKD) | BM-derived MSC | Phase I, evaluation of safety and tolerability of MSC administration, improvement of renal function |
NCT02166489 [57] |
| Clinical trial (CKD) | BM-derived MSC | Phase I, test of safety of MSC administration | NCT02195323 |
| Clinical trial (CKD) | AD-derived MSC | Phase I, investigation of safety and toxicity of MSC administration, confirmation of the characteristics of MSC markers, classical and non-classical markers. |
NCT01840540 [58] |
| Clinical trial (CKD) | AD-derived MSC | Phase I, ongoing clinical trial, measurement of blood and urinary markers for kidney function | NCT02266394 |
| Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) | BM-derived MSC | Reduction of creatinine and BUN levels, improvement of glomerular hypertrophy, anti-inflammatory effects | [61] |
| Clinical trial (DKD) | BM-derived MSC | Phase I, Phase II, ongoing clinical trial, investigation of the safety, feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of MSC therapy |
NCT02585622 [62] |