Table 5.
Comparison of health governance and leadership elements between progressing and non-progressing countries
| Progressing |
Non-progressing |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liberia | Zambia | Kenya | Zimbabwe | |
| Prioritization and support of child survival | ||||
| Political support | + | + | +/− | +/− |
| Current policy framework | + | + | + | − |
| Policies and strategies implemented | + | + | − | − |
| Concurrent national policy focus on health, social welfare, development | + | + | − | − |
| Triple planning approach | + | + | +/− | − |
| Abuja Declaration target met during study | + | + | − | − |
| Non-financial health system resources (human, material, facility, etc.) | + | + | − | − |
| Collaboration, coordination and inclusion | ||||
| Donors aligned with national priorities | + | + | − | − |
| Collaborative strategic planning with partners/stakeholders | + | + | − | − |
| Coordination/collaboration between health and other sectors | + | + | − | − |
| Coordination and sharing resources among different health programmes | + | + | − | − |
| Coordination of MNCH services across health system levels | + | + | − | − |
| Integrate packages of health services at point of care | + | + | − | − |
| Decentralization of decision-making and resource allocation | + | + | − | − |
| Beneficiaries included in strategic planning (community input) | + | + | − | − |
| Accountability | ||||
| Clear roles, responsibilities and expectations | + | + | +/− | − |
| Updated, effective HMIS | + | + | − | − |
| Consistent data collection and reporting at all health system levels | + | + | − | − |
| Ongoing monitoring and evaluation of health programmes and interventions | + | + | − | − |
| Specifically monitoring of progress towards MDG#4 | + | + | +/−a | +/− |
| Data-driven planning and decision-making responsive to population needs | + | + | − | − |
| Local involvement (community planning boards and committees) | + | + | − | − |
+
Indicates clear activity, policy, participation and/or implementation of an element in the defined area during the study period; − indicates a lack of engagement of this element or merely planning, but not implementing policy/action during the study period; +/− Indicates ambiguous activity, policy, participation and/or implementation of an element in the defined area.
a
We found information indicating that a Kenya Country Countdown was conducted in 2013 (end of the study period), though this was not reported to our study team by Kenya’s MOH.