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. 2019 Mar 29;16(7):1136. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16071136

Table 4.

Urinary biochemical parameters of mice injected with fluoride.

Fluoride Creatinine Glucose Potassium Sodium Phosphorus Total Protein Urea Calcium
µmol/24 h µmol/24 h mmol/24 h mmol/24 h mmol/24 h mg/24 h mmol/24 h µmol/24 h
Before injection Control 4.07 ± 0.60 2.94 ± 0.45 0.14 ± 0.01 0.13 ± 0.02 0.14 ± 0.03 9.03 ± 1.86 1.67 ± 0.23 4.02 ± 0.66
2 mg/kg 4.31 ± 0.28 4.98 ± 0.30 0.15 ± 0.01 0.13 ± 0.02 0.11 ± 0.03 8.15 ± 4.03 2.26 ± 0.32 4.74 ± 0.89
5 mg/kg 4.12 ± 0.27 4.32 ± 0.35 0.14 ± 0.01 0.12 ± 0.01 0.12 ± 0.01 14.73 ± 3.47 2.20 ± 0.19 3.22 ± 0.28
7.5 mg/kg 3.82 ± 0.44 3.03 ± 0.05 0.15 ± 0.05 0.16 ± 0.01 0.15 ± 0.00 7.80 ± 0.28 1.39 ± 0.27 4.88 ± 0.56
10 mg/kg 3.53 ± 0.52 3.29 ± 0.56 0.13 ± 0.01 0.10 ± 0.01 0.14 ± 0.02 8.50 ± 1.83 1.61 ± 0.26 5.04 ± 1.32
After injection Control 3.61 ± 0.51 3.41 ± 0.58 0.13 ± 0.01 0.12 ± 0.01 0.13 ± 0.01 9.15 ± 2.47 1.93 ± 0.39 2.58 ± 0.41
2 mg/kg 4.19 ± 0.38 4.32 ± 0.86 0.11 ± 0.01 0.11 ± 0.01 0.11 ± 0.01 10.66 ± 3.54 2.06 ± 0.39 3.57 ± 0.84
5 mg/kg 4.56 ± 0.25 4.43 ± 0.43 0.15 ± 0.01 0.15 ± 0.02 0.13 ± 0.01 17.89 ± 2.30 2.55 ± 0.23 3.16 ± 0.35
7.5 mg/kg 2.11 ± 0.49 17.52 ± 10.50 0.09 ± 0.02 0.13 ± 0.03 0.11 ± 0.02 3.82 ± 0.71 0.91 ± 0.21 2.79 ± 1.25
10 mg/kg 4.72 ± 0.59 157.4 ± 46.08 *** 0.23 ± 0.03 *** 0.47 ± 0.09 *** 0.15 ± 0.02 16.88 ± 3.76 1.24 ± 0.17 3.89 ± 0.69

* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.001, Holm-Sidak test between the treated and control groups.