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. 2019 Apr 2;20(7):1629. doi: 10.3390/ijms20071629

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Fatty acid treatment results in an increase in COL1A1 levels in 3D multilineage spheroids. (A) Immunofluorescence staining of DAPI (blue), COL1A1 (red) and merged images of 3D spheroids (HepG2/LX-2, 24:1) treated, after 48 h from the seeding, with BSA 1% (negative control), a mix of palmitic acid and oleic acid 500 μM (1:2), TGF-β 10 ng/mL or PDGF 10 ng/mL for 48 h. All the media for treatments were supplemented with BSA 1%. Objective: 40×. (B) Quantification of COL1A1 levels by ImageJ normalized to number of nuclei. Bars represent mean ± SD (n = 6). P-value was calculated by Mann Whitney non-parametric test, (** p < 0.005 vs. BSA 1%). BSA: bovine serum albumin; PAOA: palmitic acid/oleic acid; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor β; PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor. COL1A1: collagen type I alpha 1.