Table 2.

Relationship of handgrip strength (HGS) with independent variables among WTC responders.

Characteristics	Bivariate Regression Coefficient (p Value)	Multivariable Regression Coefficient (p Value)
Age in years	−0.53 (<0.0001)	−0.52 (<0.0001)
Gender
Men	Ref.	Ref.
Women	−21.23 (<0.0001)	−21.8 (<0.0001)
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	Ref.	Ref.
Non-Hispanic Black	−5.38 (0.04)	0.48 (0.81)
Hispanic	−3.44 (0.11)	−2.23 (0.15)
Asian	−3.58 (0.89)	−2.28 (0.53)
Other	−8.26 (0.70)	−15.74 (0.27)
Hand dominance
Right	Ref.	Ref.
Left	0.09 (0.36)	−0.71 (0.54)
Ambidextrous	3.00 (0.22)	3.82 (0.05)
Marital status
Single	Ref.	Ref.
Married	6.25 (0.0007)	0.91 (0.65)
Separated/Divorced/Widowed	3.94 (0.12)	1.46 (0.52)
Education
Did not finish high school	Ref.	Ref.
Graduated high school	1.96 (0.93)	4.90 (0.06)
Some college	4.06 (0.42)	4.42 (0.08)
Undergraduate degree	6.07 (0.09)	4.59 (0.08)
Graduate school	3.47 (0.69)	3.01 (0.30)
Current employment status
Working full time	Ref.	Ref.
Working part time	−1.84 (0.71)	−1.05 (0.51)
Disabled/on medical leave	−8.13 (<0.0001)	−5.04 (0.02)
Retired	−8.72 (<0.0001)	−2.17 (0.03)
Laid off/unemployed	−7.47 (0.17)	−6.41 (0.14)
Annual income (USD)
0 to 50,000	Ref.	Ref.
>50,000 to 70,000	0.25 (0.99)	2.55 (0.08)
>70,000 to 100,000	1.18 (0.84)	2.90 (0.04)
>100,000	1.54 (0.78)	4.17 (0.01)
Level of WTC exposure
Low	Ref.	Ref.
Intermediate	2.17 (0.18)	1.60 (0.15)
High	2.28 (0.31)	2.44 (0.07)
Very high	0.30 (0.99)	−3.93 (0.08)
WTC-related PTSD
Probable PTSD (PCL-S ≥ 44) with depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10)	−11.11 (<0.0001)	−5.33 (0.0005)
Probable PTSD without depression	−7.8 (<0.0001)	−3.04 (0.14)
No PTSD or depression	Ref.	Ref.
Self-reported general health
Excellent	Ref.	Ref.
Very good	−1.76 (0.89)	−0.86 (0.69)
Good	−4.72 (0.08)	−1.72 (0.41)
Fair	−12.11 (<0.0001)	−7.27 (0.001)
Poor	−19.65 (<0.0001)	−15.52 (<0.0001)

Only responders with non-missing responses for each variable are included. Ref.: Reference category.