Figure 3.

Toxicant exposure and physical lesioning effects on the olfactory epithelium and its subsequent regeneration. (A) Degeneration and atrophy of the olfactory organ (OO), olfactory epithelium (OE), and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) following exposure to some toxicants and injury paradigms, some of which lead to olfactory dysfunction; (B) Effects of olfactory epithelium damage due to exposure to some toxicants and direct injury on the olfactory bulb, some of which lead to olfactory dysfunction; (C) Olfactory epithelium regeneration and repair following damage, leading to olfactory functional recovery; (D) Olfactory bulb regeneration and repair following damage to the OE, leading to olfactory functional recovery.