| DAA | dehydroabietic acid |
| iNOS | inducible nitric oxide synthase |
| COX | cycloocygenase |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| PAMPs | pattern-associated molecular patterns |
| PRRs | pattern-recognition receptors |
| TLRs | toll-like receptors |
| MyD88 | myeloid differentiation primary response 88 |
| IKK | IκB kinase |
| IL | interleukin |
| MAPKs | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription protein |
| MEK | MAPK/ERK kinase |
| MKK | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase |
| TAK1 | transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| poly(I:C) | polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid |
| PGN | peptidoglycan |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| L-NAME | NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester |
| PEI | polyethylenimine |
| MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| EGTA | ethyleneglycotetraacetic acid |