mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
SSCs	Spermatogonial stem cells
SCs	Sertoli cells
mTORC1	Mammalian target of rapamycin 1
mTORC2	Mammalian target of rapamycin 2
BTB	Blood-testis barrier
raptor	Regulatory associated protein of mTOR
pras40	Proline-rich Akt substrate 40 kDa
deptor	DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10 and Pleckstrin) domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein
mLST8	Mammalian lethal with sec-13 protein 8
rictor	Rapamycin insensitive companion of mTOR
mSIN1	Mammalian stress-activated protein kinase interacting protein
protor1/2	Protein observed with rictor 1 and 2
FKBP12	FK506-binding protein 12
TSC1/2	Tuberous sclerosis complex
Rheb	Ras homolog enriched in brain GTPase
Akt	Protein kinase B
RSK1	p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1
ERK	Extracellular signal regulated kinase
PTEN	Phosphatase and tensin homolog
Redd1	Protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1
PKC	Protein kinase C
Plzf	Promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger
GNDF	Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor
FOXOs	Forkhead box proteins
GILZ	Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper
USP9X	Spermatogonial deubiquitinase probable ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase FAF-X
STRA8	Retinoic acid stimulated gene 8
p-p70s6k	Phosphorylated p70S6 kinase
p-4E-BP1	Phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1
PCNA	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Dmc1	DNA meiotic recombinase 1
Rps6	Ribosomal protein S6
MSCI	Meiotic sex chromosome inactivation
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1
N-WASP	Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
MMP-9	Matrix metallopeptidase 9
ARHGEF4	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase