Effects of drug application protocol on peak and sustained currents of ASIC3 in different activating pH. Number of * denotes statistical significance at * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, or *** p < 0.001, respectively, n ≥ 5. (A) Effects of IEM-2163 on peak current and (B) sustained current. (C,D) Representative examples of ASIC3 responses in different activating pH (6.85 in (C) and 6.0 in (D)) and application protocols (left panels: application before activation, right panels: continuous application). (E–H) Same for IEM-2195. IEM-2163 (A–D) had mostly similar effects regardless of the protocol used, inhibiting peak current at pH 6.85 and sustained current for both pH values, with two notable exceptions. When applied before activation with activating pH 6.85 it had no effect at all, and in the same protocol but with activating pH 6.0 it strongly potentiated sustained current. IEM-2195 (E–H) mostly had a similar profile, but it typically potentiated the sustained current, although this effect was significantly weaker at pH 6.85, essentially disappearing when applied before activation.