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. 2019 Mar 31;20(7):1608. doi: 10.3390/ijms20071608

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Low expression of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and mtDNA-encoded oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes in sex-linked dwarf (SLD) chicken skeletal muscle. (A) The relative mRNA expression of genes involved in the GH–GHR–IGF1 signaling pathway was measured by qRT-PCR in SLD chicken skeletal muscle as compared with normal chicken skeletal muscle. (B) The relative mRNA expression involved in the PGC1α–NRF1–TFAM signaling pathway was measured by qRT-PCR in SLD chicken skeletal muscle as compared with normal chicken skeletal muscle. (C) The relative mRNA expression of mtDNA-encoded OXPHOS genes was measured by qRT-PCR in SLD chicken skeletal muscle as compared with normal chicken skeletal muscle. Data are expressed as means ± SEM, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.