Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| Variable | Categories | Wealth index category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 753) | Least poor (n = 244) | Middle (n = 252) | Poorest (n = 257) | p | ||
| Household characteristics (%) | ||||||
| Type of house constructiona | Moderna | 22.8 | 38.1 | 13.1 | 17.9 | < 0.001 |
| Traditional | 77.2 | 61.9 | 86.9 | 82.1 | ||
| Whether airbricks were present | Present | 27.8 | 45.1 | 18.7 | 20.2 | < 0.001 |
| Not present | 72.2 | 54.9 | 81.4 | 79.8 | ||
| Number of windows present | ≥ 2 windows | 19.1 | 32.0 | 13.9 | 12.1 | < 0.001 |
| 1 window | 59.4 | 57.0 | 59.1 | 61.9 | ||
| No windows | 21.5 | 11.1 | 27.0 | 26.1 | ||
| Maternal characteristics (%) | ||||||
| Level of education | O level or beyond | 24.7 | 39.3 | 18.7 | 16.7 | < 0.001 |
| None or primary | 75.3 | 60.7 | 81.4 | 83.3 | ||
| Bed net ownership before enrolment | LLIN | 76.9 | 84.0 | 78.2 | 68.9 | 0.001 |
| Untreated | 14.5 | 11.1 | 14.7 | 17.5 | ||
| No bed net | 8.6 | 4.9 | 7.1 | 13.6 | ||
| Categories of gravidity | Multigravida | 50.7 | 54.5 | 51.6 | 46.3 | 0.16 |
| Secundigravida | 24.8 | 25.8 | 21.8 | 26.9 | ||
| Primigravida | 24.4 | 19.7 | 26.6 | 26.9 | ||
| IPTp regimen | Monthly DP | 50.1 | 46.7 | 52.8 | 50.6 | 0.39 |
| Monthly SP | 49.9 | 53.3 | 47.2 | 49.4 | ||
aModern houses defined as those with plaster or cement walls, metal or wooden roof, and closed eaves; all other houses defined as traditional