Table 1.
Distribution of selected studies according to study characteristics.
| TOTAL | MRSA | TB | HIV | Influenza | Malaria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host type | (n = 273) | (n = 65) | (n = 43) | (n = 34) | (n = 30) | (n = 22) |
| Human | 233 (89%) | 62 (95%) | 43 (100%) | 34 (100%) | 28 (93%) | 21 (95%) |
| Animal | 18 (7%) | 2 (3%) | – | – | 2 (7%) | 1 (5%) |
| Human-animal | 7 (2%) | 1 (2%) | – | – | – | – |
| Plant | 5 (2%) | – | – | – | – | – |
| Population type | ||||||
| Community (endemic) | 154 (58%) | 7 (11%) | 40 (93%) | 34 (100%) | 25 (83%) | 21 (95%) |
| Healthcare facility | 71 (27%) | 49 (75%) | 1 (2%) | – | – | – |
| Community-healthcare facility | 11 (4%) | 5 (8%) | 2 (5%) | – | 1 (3.5%) | – |
| Agricultural-farming | 20 (8%) | 1 (1.5%) | – | – | 1 (3.5%) | – |
| Other | 8 (3%) | 3 (4.5%) | – | – | 3(10%) | 1 (5%) |
| Model parameters | ||||||
| Referenced data | 191 (72%) | 34 (52%) | 38 (88%) | 32 (94%) | 29 (97%) | 17 (77%) |
| Primary data | 73 (28%) | 31 (48%) | 5 (12%) | 2 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 5 (23%) |
| Model type | ||||||
| Deterministic | 175 (66%) | 30 (46%) | 36 (84%) | 23 (70%) | 18 (60%) | 18 (82%) |
| Stochastic | 57 (22%) | 30 (46%) | 6 (14%) | 5 (12%) | 3 (10%) | 2 (9%) |
| Both (D and S) | 25 (9%) | 5 (8%) | 1 (2%) | 4 (12%) | 8 (27%) | 1 (5%) |
| Hybrid | 7 (3%) | – | – | 2 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (5%) |
| Model class | ||||||
| Compartmental | 201 (76%) | 34 (52%) | 37 (86%) | 27 (79%) | 26 (87%) | 19 (86%) |
| Individual-based | 33 (12%) | 19 (29%) | 3 (7%) | 4 (12%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (5%) |
| Both | 7 (3%) | 1 (2%) | – | 2 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (5%) |
| Other | 23 (9%) | 11 (17%) | 3 (7%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (5%) |
| Model features | ||||||
| Multi-strain model | 190 (72%) | 23 (35%) | 42 (98%) | 32 (94%) | 29 (97%) | 17 (77%) |
| Co-infection of hosts | 22 (8%) | 5 (8%) | 9 (21%) | 5 (15%) | 3 (10%) | 3 (14%) |
| Fitness cost modeled | 132 (50%) | 15 (23%) | 32 (74%) | 20 (59%) | 25 (83%) | 13 (59%) |
| Acquired and transmitted resistance | 89 (34%) | 1 (2%) | 26 (60%) | 28 (82%) | 20 (67%) | 5 (23%) |
| Within-host model | 17 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 3 (7%) | 2 (6%) | 1 (3%) | 4 (18%) |
| Population stratification | 48 (18%) | 4 (6%) | 11 (26) | 18 (53%) | 3 (10%) | 4 (18%) |
| Model rigor | ||||||
| Calibration | 115 (43%) | 33 (51%) | 26 (60%) | 16 (47%) | 4 (13%) | 3 (14%) |
| Validation | 36 (14%) | 10 (15%) | 11 (26%) | 5 (15%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) |
| Sensitivity analyses | 159 (60%) | 36 (55%) | 32 (74%) | 25 (74%) | 16 (53%) | 14 (64%) |
| Economics | ||||||
| Cost/benefit analysis | 23 (9%) | 8 (12%) | 6 (14%) | 6 (18%) | 1 (3%) | 3 (14%) |