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. 2019 Apr 11;20(7):1799. doi: 10.3390/ijms20071799

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Blue light exposure causes retinal damage in A2E-treated brown Norway (BN) rats. (A,B) Representative ocular images of the A2E-treated group and A2E + blue light-emitting diode (LED) light (BLL) co-treated group from left to right showing the results of bright field (BF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Fluorescein angiography was performed immediately after intravenous injection of 15 mg/kg sodium fluorescein for 30 s. (C–F) Quantification of data including total retinal thickness, nerve fiber layer-inner plexiform layer (NFL-IPL), IPL-inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) layer, and IS/OS-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layer in A (red bars) and B (yellow bars). Results from 4 independent experiments are shown (N = 4). * p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant compared to day 0. ^# p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant compared to the A2E-treated group on the same day.