Table 3.
Association between parenting style and child maltreatment.
| Age and Gender Adjusted | SES Additionally Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR (95% CI) | p | PR (95% CI) | p | |
| Neglect | ||||
| Authoritarian | 1.31 (1.23, 1.39) | <0.001 *** | 1.26 (1.18, 1.34) | <0.001 *** |
| Authoritative | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | <0.001 *** | 0.90 (0.84, 0.96) | 0.003 ** |
| Minor physical abuse | ||||
| Authoritarian | 1.24 (1.21, 1.27) | <0.001 *** | 1.23 (1.20, 1.26) | <0.001 *** |
| Authoritative | 0.92 (0.90, 0.95) | <0.001 *** | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | <0.001 *** |
| Severe/very severe physical abuse | ||||
| Authoritarian | 1.58 (1.50, 1.66) | <0.001 *** | 1.53 (1.45, 1.62) | <0.001 *** |
| Authoritative | 0.85 (0.80, 0.90) | <0.001 *** | 0.89 (0.84, 0.95) | <0.001 *** |
| Psychological abuse | ||||
| Authoritarian | 1.11 (1.09, 1.12) | <0.001 *** | 1.10 (1.09, 1.12) | <0.001 *** |
| Authoritative | 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) | <0.001 *** | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | <0.001 *** |
Parenting style scores were standardized to their mean and SD. PR: prevalence ratio, a measure of association in cross-sectional studies. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.05.