Table 2.

Direct and video laryngoscopy and HEAVEN criteria to predict failure of intubation on the first attempt

Parameter	Failure at First Intubation Attempt				Failure of First Intubation Attempt without Desaturation
	Direct Laryngoscopy		Video Laryngoscopy		Direct Laryngoscopy		Video Laryngoscopy
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	P
Hypoxemia	1.21 (0.81–1.83)	0.352	1.01 (0.76–1.34)	0.928	1.59 (1.01–2.51)	0.0478	1.60 (1.21–2.11)	< 0.001
Extremes of size	2.19 (1.53–3.13)	< 0.001	2.49 (1.99–3.12)	< 0.001	1.77 (1.17–2.69)	0.008	1.72 (1.34–2.21)	< 0.001
Anatomic	3.65 (2.55–5.23)	< 0.001	3.15 (2.49–4.00)	< 0.001	2.87 (1.92–4.28)	< 0.001	2.22 (1.71–2.88)	< 0.001
Vomit/blood/fluid	1.54 (1.18–2.02)	0.002	1.80 (1.50–2.17)	< 0.001	1.70 (1.21–2.38)	0.002	1.95 (1.59–2.38)	< 0.001
Exsanguination	1.74 (0.77–3.91)	0.180	1.24 (0.70–2.21)	0.456	2.48 (1.10–5.59)	0.028	1.55 (0.88–2.76)	0.132
Neck mobility	2.11 (1.76–2.21)	< 0.001	1.51 (1.24–1.84)	< 0.001	1.66 (1.17–2.35)	0.004	1.15 (0.93–1.42)	0.212
Total # criteria	1.97 (1.76–2.21)	< 0.001	1.84 (1.71–1.98)	< 0.001	1.92 (1.69–2.19)	< 0.001	1.66 (1.53–1.80)	< 0.001

Multiple logistic regression analysis exploring the relationship between the individual HEAVEN criteria or the total number of HEAVEN criteria and failure to intubate on the first attempt with and without desaturation (adjusted for age, gender, clinical category, choice of paralytic, and location of the procedure)