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Line-like periodic patterns on sapphire produced with (a,b) N = 10 at a fluence of 1.80 J/cm²; (c) N = 5 with a pixel displacement of 25 µm and (d) N = 5 pulses with a pixel displacement of 10 µm at a fluence of 1.96 J/cm². The arrows indicate the beam polarization direction.
