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. 2018 Feb 26;6(1):6. doi: 10.3390/jintelligence6010006

Table A1.

List of Eligible Studies, their Main Characteristics and Effect Sizes.

Study Goal of Study Sample No. n Age (M) TR Interval (Weeks) Test Subtest Complexity SMCR
1.2 1.3 1.4
1. Anastasopoulou et al., 1999 [118] retest effects 1 17 21.3 0.00, 0.03, 0.03 Response Time Task complex −0.54 −0.66 −1.12
2 17 21.3 0.00, 0.03, 0.03 Response Time Task complex −0.24 −0.21 −0.36
2. Baird et al., 2007 [119] retest effects 3 13 17.9 0.00 Computerized Test of Information Processing choice RT complex 0.30 0.07
0.00 Computerized Test of Information Processing simple RT simple 0.04 −0.29
0.00 Computerized Test of Information Processing semantic RT complex −0.35 −0.73
4 13 19.5 1.00 Computerized Test of Information Processing choice RT complex 0.07 0.35
1.00 Computerized Test of Information Processing simple RT simple −0.04 0.02
1.00 Computerized Test of Information Processing semantic RT complex −0.25 −0.14
5 13 20.5 12.86 Computerized Test of Information Processing choice RT complex 0.00
12.86 Computerized Test of Information Processing simple RT simple −0.24
12.86 Computerized Test of Information Processing semantic RT complex −0.37
3. Baniqued et al., 2014 [120] intervention: passive CG 6 61 20.7 2.50 Attention Network Test no cue trials simple 0.16
2.50 Attention Network Test incongruent-congruent trials complex −0.29
2.50 Attention Network Test location trials complex 0.03
2.50 Stroop Test incongruent-neutral trials simple 0.00
2.50 Stroop Test incongruent-congruent trials complex −0.01
2.50 Trail Making Test numbers complex 0.25
2.50 Trail Making Test letters complex −0.57
2.50 Trail Making Test numbers and letters complex −0.19
4. Bartels et al., 2010 [107] retest effects 7 36 47.3 2.29, 6.00, 9.00 Attention Test Battery alterness simple −0.07 −0.09 −0.15
2.29, 6.00, 9.00 Attention Test Battery visual scanning simple −0.58 −0.80 −1.00
2.29, 6.00, 9.00 Trail Making Test part B complex −0.30 −0.36 −0.60
2.29, 6.00, 9.00 Trail Making Test part A complex −0.40 −0.44 −0.59
5. Buck et al., 2008 [121] retest effects 8 48 20 1.00, 2.00 Trail Making Test part A complex −0.09 −0.13
1.00, 2.00 Trail Making Test part B complex −0.13 −0.19
9 44 20 1.00, 2.00 Delis-Kaplan Trail Making Test numbers task complex −0.13 −0.16
1.00, 2.00 Delis-Kaplan Trail Making Test letters task complex −0.04 −0.11
1.00, 2.00 Delis-Kaplan Trail Making Test number-letter task complex −0.11 −0.13
10 42 20 1.00, 2.00 Comprehensive Trail Making Test trial 1 complex −0.10 −0.19
1.00, 2.00 Comprehensive Trail Making Test trial 5 complex −0.07 −0.12
11 48 20 1.00, 2.00 Planned Connections trial 6 complex −0.07 −0.09
1.00, 2.00 Planned Connections trial 8 complex −0.07 −0.10
6. Bühner et al., 2006 [52] retest effects 12 25 22.2 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Attention Test Battery audio complex 0.09 0.00 −0.14
13 23 22.2 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Attention Test Battery squares complex −0.08 −0.61 −0.62
14 24 22.2 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Attention Test Battery squares and audio complex 0.05 −0.06 −0.34
15 24 22.2 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 Attention Test Battery Go/Nogo complex −0.05 −0.35 −0.64
7. Bürki et al., 2014 [3] intervention: passive CG 16 21 25.52 3.00 letter comparison task complex 0.08
3.00 simple reaction time task simple 0.07
3.00 pattern comparison task complex −0.06
8. Collie et al., 2003 [53] retest effects 17 113 63.68 0.03, 0.09, 0.18 simple reaction time test simple −0.15 −0.26 −0.57
0.18, 0.71, 0.89 choice reaction time test complex −0.30 −0.47 −0.52
0.18, 0.71, 0.89 complex reaction time test complex −0.34 −0.44 −0.51
0.18, 0.71, 0.89 continuous performance test simple −0.29 −0.34 −0.39
0.21, 0.71, 0.89 matching test complex −0.42 −0.45 −0.39
9. Colom et al., 2013 [122] retest effects 18 28 18.2 21.43 odd-even Flanker task complex −0.17
21.43 right-left Simon task complex 0.18
21.43 vowel-consonant Flanker task complex −0.20
10. Dingwall et al., 2009 [123] test-retest reliability 19 17 15.41 2.14, 4.29, 6.29 CogState Battery identification simple 0.32 0.32 0.21
2.14, 4.29, 6.29 CogState Battery detection simple 0.06 0.19 0.00
11. Dolan et al., 2013 [124] test-retest reliability 20 9 22 0.29 choice reaction time test complex −0.35
0.29 rapid visual information processing test simple 0.40
0.29 simple reaction time test simple −0.26
0.29 Stroop test baseline trials simple −0.35
0.29 Stroop test interference trials complex −0.27
12. Elbin et al., 2011 [125] test-retest reliability 21 369 14.8 62.57 ImPACT reaction time subscale complex −0.37
13. Enge et al., 2014 [126] intervention: passive CG 22 38 21.3 3.00, 17.43 Go/No-go task complex −1.19 −1.68
3.00, 17.43 Stop Signal complex −0.78 −0.80
3.00, 17.43 Stroop test complex −0.63 −0.74
14. Falleti et al., 2006 [127] retest effects 23 45 21.64 0.00, 0.00, 0.00 CogState Battery choice reaction time complex 0.16 0.33 0.33
0.00, 0.00, 0.00 CogState Battery simple reaction time simple 0.00 0.00 −0.16
0.00, 0.00, 0.00 CogState Battery complex reaction time complex 0.00 0.00 −0.22
0.00, 0.00, 0.00 CogState Battery matching complex −0.59 −0.69 −0.79
24 55 32.69 0.00, 4.29 CogState Battery choice reaction time complex 0.00 0.18
0.00, 4.29 CogState Battery continuous associate learning complex −0.06 −0.06
0.00, 4.29 CogState Battery complex reaction time complex −0.12 −0.12
0.00, 4.29 CogState Battery simple reaction time simple −0.20 −0.10
15. Gil-Gouveia et al., 2016 [128] longitudinal change in migraineurs: healthy CG 25 24 33.3 6.43 Trail Making Test part A complex −0.37
6.43 Trail Making Test part B complex −0.35
16. Hagemeister, 2007 [1] retest effects 26 60 28 0.01, 0.50, 0.51 attention task complex −0.48 −1.41 −1.44
27 59 23 0.01, 0.50, 0.51 attention task complex −0.46 −1.85 −1.85
17. Iuliano et al., 2015 [129] intervention: passive CG 28 20 66.47 12.00 Attentive Matrices Test complex −0.09
12.00 Stroop test complex 0.18
12.00 Trail Making Test part A complex −0.16
12.00 Trail Making Test part B complex 0.05
18. Langenecker et al., 2007 [130] test-retest reliability 29 28 18.9 3.00 Go/No-go task level 1 complex −0.33
3.00 Trail Making Test complex −0.58
3.00 Trail Making Test complex −0.73
19. Lemay et al., 2004 [131] retest effects, test-retest reliability 30 37 67.35 2.00, 4.00 Stroop test reading subtest simple −0.06 −0.06
2.00, 4.00 Stroop test naming subtest simple −0.30 −0.41
2.00, 4.00 Stroop test interference subtest complex −0.64 −0.90
2.00, 4.00 Stroop test flexibility subtest complex −0.54 −0.81
2.00, 4.00 Stroop test inter-naming subtest complex −0.64 −0.92
2.00, 4.00 Stroop test flex-naming subtest complex −0.51 −0.78
20. Levine et al., 2004 [132] retest effects 31 605 40.2 35.86 California Computerized Assessment Package simple reaction time simple −0.13
35.86 California Computerized Assessment Package choice reaction time trials 1 complex 0.03
35.86 California Computerized Assessment Package choice traction time trials 2 complex −0.11
21. Lyall et al., 2016 [102] longitudinal change 32 19327 54.5 225.78 reaction time test simple 0.08
22. Mehlsen et al., 2008 [133] longitudinal change in breast cancer patients: healthy CG 33 17 39.3 14.00 Trail Making Test part A complex −0.62
14.00 Trail Making Test part B complex −0.59
23. Mora et al., 2013 [134] longitudinal change in bipolar patients: healthy CG 34 26 41.38 312.86 Continuous Performance Test II hit reaction time complex 0.03
312.86 Trail Making Test B part B complex −0.01
24. Oelhafen et al., 2013 [135] intervention: passive CG 35 16 25.2 21.00 Attention Network Test congruent congruent trials simple −0.19
21.00 Attention Network Test incongruent incongruent trials complex −0.42
25. Ownby et al., 2016 [136] retest effects 36 51 28.92 55.33 Colored Trails test 1 complex −0.36
55.33 Colored Trails test 2 complex −0.25
26. Register-Mihalik et al., 2012 [137] test-retest-reliability 37 20 16 0.26, 0.49 Trail Making Test part B complex −0.98 −1.48
0.26, 0.49 ImPACT reaction time subscale complex −0.48 −0.32
38 20 20 0.26, 0.49 Trail Making Test part B complex −0.62 −1.08
0.26, 0.49 ImPACT reaction time subscale complex −0.16 −0.16
27. Richmond et al., 2014 [138] intervention: passive CG 39 18 21.6 2.29 psychomotor vigilance task simple 0.46
2.29 sustained attention response task simple −0.50
2.29 Stroop test complex −0.19
28. Salminen et al., 2012 [139] intervention: passive CG 40 18 24.5 3.00 auditory discrimination task SOA 100 complex −0.40
3.00 auditory discrimination task SOA 400 complex −0.24
3.00 auditory discrimination task SOA 50 complex −0.34
3.00 visual discrimination task SOA 100 complex −0.59
3.00 visual discrimination task SOA 400 complex −0.57
3.00 visual discrimination task SOA 50 complex −0.57
3.00 task switching repetition trials complex −0.47
3.00 task switching single-task trials complex −0.36
29. Sandberg et al., 2014 [140] intervention: passive CG 41 13 24.62 5.00 Flanker task complex −0.06
5.00 Stroop test complex −0.16
42 15 68.8 5.00 Flanker task complex −0.32
5.00 Stroop test complex −0.10
30. Schatz, 2010 [141] test-retest-reliability 43 95 18.8 104.29 ImPACT reaction time subscale complex −0.17
31. Schmidt et al., 2013 [142] intervention: passive CG 44 11 33.8 6.00, 13.50, 20.00 Trail Making Test A part A complex −0.39 −0.40 −0.59
32. Schranz & Osterode, 2009 [143] retest effects 45 10 42.13 1.141 2,29, 3.43 Determination Test Action complex −0.52 −1.02 −1.29
1.141 2,29, 3.43 Determination Test Reaction complex −0.56 −0.91 −1.10
33. Sharma et al., 2013 [144] intervention: passive CG 46 28 19 12.00 auditory reaction time test complex 0.01
12.00 Letter Cancellation Test complex −0.10
12.00 Trail Making Test A part A complex −0.17
12.00 Trail Making Test B part B complex −0.23
12.00 visual reaction time test complex 0.02
12.00 visual reaction time test complex 0.00
34. Soveri et al., 2013 [145] intervention: passive CG 47 14 23.14 2.50 Simon task congruent trials simple 0.14
2.50 Simon task incongruent trials complex −0.12
35. Steinborn et al., 2008 [146] retest effects 48 89 24.5 0.43 Serial Mental Addition and Comparison Task complex −0.74
36. Weglage et al., 2013 [147] longitudinal change in clinical sample: healthy CG 49 46 34.2 260.71 Connecting Numbers complex −0.30

Note. CG = control group, ImPACT = Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test.