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. 2019 Apr 23;19:122. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1511-x

Table 3.

Findings on risk of flaws per outcome (as derived from MEVORECH)

Domains High risk
Number of studies, (%)
Low risk
Number of studies, (%)
Unclear risk
Number of studies, (%)
Not applicable
Number of studies, (%)
Exposure definition 4 (4.8) 80 (95.2) 0 0
Assessment of exposure 10 (11.9) 73 (86.9) 1(1.2) 0
Assessment of outcome 17(20.2) 66(78.6) 1(1.2) 0
Reliability of exposure estimates 1(1.2) 5(6.0) 78(92.9) 0
Reliability of outcome estimates 5(6.0) 37(44) 42(50) 0
Confounder assessment 71(84.5) 2(2.4) 11(13.1) 0
Sampling bias 57(67.9) 25(29.8) 2(2.4) 0
Research specific bias 42(50.0) 38(45.2) 4(4.8) 0
Exclusion bias 2(2.4) 26(31) 56(66.7) 0
Attrition bias 2(2.4) 4(4.8) 3(3.6) 75(89.3)
Funding 4(4.8) 10(11.9) 70(83.3) 0
Conflict of interest 0 30(35.7) 54(64.3) 0
Blinding 0 8(9.5) 76(90.5) 0
Selective reporting of results 33(39.3) 48(57.1) 3(3.6) 0