Table 1.
Participant Characteristics at Baseline by Assigned Treatment Group.a
| Total
Sample (N=62) |
Active
Group (n=32) |
Sham Group (n=30) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, mean (SD) | 10.4 | (1.4) | 10.3 | (1.4) | 10.5 | (1.4) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 40 | (65) | 19 | (60) | 21 | (70) |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 40 | (65) | 20 | (63) | 20 | (67) |
| Black | 4 | (6) | 4 | (13) | 0 | |
| Asian | 10 | (16) | 5 | (16) | 5 | (17) |
| Mixed/Other | 8 | (13) | 3 | (9) | 5 | (17) |
| Hispanic | 10 | (16) | 5 | (16) | 5 | (17) |
| Height, cm, mean (SD) | 142.2 | (9.9) | 142.8 | (10.1) | 141.5 | (9.9) |
| Weight, kg, mean (SD) | 37.1 | (10.5) | 38.8 | (12.3) | 35.4 | (8.1) |
| Systolic BP, Mean (SD) | 107 | (11.8) | 108.5 | (11.53) | 106.2 | (12.2) |
| Diastolic BP, Mean (SD) | 64.3 | (7.9) | 65.0 | (8.2) | 63.6 | (7.6) |
| Pulse, Mean (SD) | 76.7 | (11.6) | 71.7 | (9.2) | 76.6 | (13.1) |
| Full Scale IQ, Mean (SD) | 108.9 | (13.2) | 110.4 | (12.3) | 107.3 | (14.2) |
| ADHD Subtype, n (%) | ||||||
| Combined | 39 | (63) | 22 | (69) | 17 | (57) |
| Inattentive | 21 | (34) | 9 | (28) | 12 | (40) |
| Hyperactive/Impulsive | 2 | (3) | 1 | (3) | 1 | (3) |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||||
| ODD | 20 | (32) | 11 | (34) | 9 | (30) |
| DMDD | 17 | (27) | 10 | (31) | 7 | (23) |
| Social Phobia | 10 | (16) | 7 | (21) | 3 | (10) |
| Separation Anxiety | 2 | (3) | 1 | (3) | 1 | (3) |
| Generalized Anxiety | 10 | (16) | 6 | (19) | 4 | (13) |
| Any Anxiety | 18 | (29) | 11 | (3) | 7 | (23) |
| Enuresis | 6 | (12) | 5 | (16) | 1 | (3) |
| Encopresis | 2 | (3) | 0 | 2 | (7) | |
| Tourette’s Syndrome | 2 | (3) | 2 | (6) | 0 | |
| Motor Tic | 1 | (2) | 0 | 1 | (3) | |
| ADHD-RS-T, mean (SD) | 32.5 | (6.2) | 32.1 | (6.3) | 32.8 | (6.2) |
| ARI-P, mean (SD) | 4.5 | (3.7) | 4.4 | (3.9) | 4.5 | (3.9) |
| MASC-Child, mean (SD) | 60.6 | (25.7) | 59.0 | (26.2) | 62.4 | (25.5) |
| MASC-Parent, mean (SD) | 47.4 | (19.2) | 46.2 | (19.2) | 48.7 | (19.2) |
| CDRS-R, mean (SD) | 9.71 | (6.4) | 10.4 | (6.9) | 9.0 | (5.8) |
| CGI-S, n (%) | ||||||
| 4 | 21 | (34) | 10 | (31) | 11 | (37) |
| 5 | 41 | (66) | 22 | (69) | 19 | (63) |
Note: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-RS-T = ADHD Rating Scale Total Score; ARI-P = Affective Reactivity Index- Parent Report; CDRS-R = Children’s Depression Rating Scale; CGI-S = Clinical Global Impression Severity Scale; DMDD = Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder; MASC = Manifest Anxiety Scale for Children; ODD = Oppositional Defiant Disorder.
a
No significant differences between groups (all p > .05).