Table 1.

Published studies describing the protective and pathogenic roles of iBALT in pulmonary diseases

Protective function
Agent/disease	Cellular drivers	Molecular signature	References
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Tfh, FDCs, GC B-cells,	Th17, CXCL13, CCL19, CCL21, IL-23, IL-17, IL-22	(14–16) (22, 23) (24) (42) (50) (52) (53)
Pneumocystis	Th2, Th17	CXCL13, IL-13, IL-17, LTα	(12)
Viral infections	CD11c+ DCs, lung stromal cells, GC, B-cells	IL-17, CXCL13, CCL19, CCL21, LTα, IL-1α	(5) (13) (25) (26) (27, 31)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Neutrophils, B and T-cells	CXCL12, CXCR4, IL-17	(48) (49)
Pathological functions
Rheumatoid Arthritis	Autorreactive T cells, B cells, FDC	CCL19, CCL21, LTβ	(21)
Inhalation Allergy/Asthma	Eosinophils, B cells, FDC, Th2, endothelial cells	IL-1α, IgE, CCL19, CCL21	(11) (58, 69)
COPD	DCs, autoimmune B cells	CCL20, CCR7, CXCL13, LTα, IL-1β,IL-18,IFN-γ	(65) (70) (73) (74, 76) (77)
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension	T cells, B cells, DC	CXCL13, CCL20, LTα,	(66) (67)