. 2018 May 11;148(6):944–951. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy058

TABLE 3.

Recent patterns of dietary intake and risk of moderate or worse hearing loss in the Nurses’ Health Study II (1991–2013) (n = 81,818)¹

Diet score	Quintile 1	Quintile 2	Quintile 3	Quintile 4	Quintile 5	P-trend
AMED
Median score²	2.0	3.0	4.0	5.0	6.0
Person-years	282,237	212,137	227,893	346,877	205,469
Cases	564	420	406	625	291
Age-adj. RR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	1.00 (0.88, 1.14)	0.88 (0.77, 1.00)	0.83 (0.74, 0.93)	0.70 (0.61, 0.81)	<0.001
MVRR³ (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.99 (0.87, 1.12)	0.87 (0.76, 0.99)	0.82 (0.73, 0.93)	0.70 (0.60, 0.82)	<0.001
DASH
Median score²	17.0	21.0	24.0	27.0	31.0
Person-years	270,458	247,842	255,307	271,061	229,944
Cases	545	480	449	471	361
Age-adj. RR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.97 (0.86, 1.10)	0.87 (0.77, 0.98)	0.83 (0.73, 0.94)	0.73 (0.64, 0.83)	<0.001
MVRR³ (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.98 (0.87, 1.11)	0.88 (0.77, 1.00)	0.84 (0.74, 0.96)	0.74 (0.63, 0.85)	<0.001
AHEI-2010
Median score²	34.0	41.5	47.0	53.0	62.0
Person-years	254,428	254,162	259,826	247,214	258,983
Cases	524	475	447	439	421
Age-adj. RR (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.87 (0.77, 0.99)	0.80 (0.71, 0.91)	0.80 (0.70, 0.90)	0.72 (0.63, 0.82)	<0.001
MVRR³ (95% CI)	1.00 (ref)	0.90 (0.80, 1.02)	0.85 (0.74, 0.96)	0.85 (0.75, 0.97)	0.79 (0.69, 0.91)	<0.001

¹Age-adj.RR, age-adjusted relative risk; AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010; AMED, Alternate Mediterranean diet; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; MVRR, multivariable-adjusted relative risk; ref, reference.

²Median dietary pattern adherence score at baseline.

³Multivariable models adjusted for: age, race, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, history of smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tinnitus, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, acetaminophen use, and total energy intake.