Altman 2007.
Methods | Cohort, prospective data collection at first pregnancy with 10 year follow‐up. The only true prospective cohort study in this review. | |
Participants | 200 women having only delivered vaginally and 195 women only delivered by CD | |
Interventions | CD or un‐instrumented VD | |
Outcomes | urinary or anal incontinence ‐ including gas and faeces, assessed 10 years after first delivery | |
Notes | Regression model adjusted for age a first delivery, parity, mode of delivery, sphincter injury and interaction term between urine and anal. Prepartum incontinence excluded. |