Table 3. All-Cause Mortality Associated With Diabetes Stratified by Individual Characteristics in Asian Populations.
| Characteristic | No. | Adjusted HR (95% CI)a | P Value for Interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | No Diabetes | |||||
| Participants | Death | Participants | Death | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 23 283 | 7231 | 460 731 | 79 405 | 1.74 (1.62-1.88) | <.001 |
| Women | 18 654 | 5234 | 499 883 | 56 998 | 2.09 (1.89-2.32) | |
| Age at baseline, y | ||||||
| <50 | 7386 | 1106 | 359 919 | 19 086 | 2.43 (2.08-2.84) | <.001 |
| 50-59 | 13 742 | 3131 | 303 771 | 37 104 | 2.06 (1.83-2.31) | |
| 60-69 | 15 262 | 5372 | 222 688 | 51 069 | 1.87 (1.71-2.05) | |
| ≥70 | 5547 | 2856 | 74 236 | 29 144 | 1.51 (1.40-1.62) | |
| Educational attainmentb | ||||||
| ≤Primary school | 15 392 | 5410 | 326 333 | 65 069 | 1.98 (1.74-2.24) | .72 |
| Secondary school | 10 584 | 2820 | 228 826 | 27 315 | 1.94 (1.74-2.17) | |
| Trade or technical school | 3814 | 764 | 99 961 | 6687 | 1.79 (1.65-1.95) | |
| ≥University graduation | 3369 | 655 | 102 115 | 7900 | 1.69 (1.47-1.94) | |
| Body mass indexc | ||||||
| <18.5 | 1500 | 687 | 69 637 | 14 564 | 1.87 (1.62-2.15) | .24 |
| 18.5-22.9 | 14 813 | 4847 | 427 259 | 64 845 | 1.96 (1.77-2.16) | |
| 23.0-24.9 | 10 913 | 3127 | 224 093 | 28 238 | 1.86 (1.69-2.04) | |
| ≥25.0 | 14 711 | 3804 | 239 625 | 28 756 | 1.85 (1.69-2.02) | |
| Smoking status for men | ||||||
| Never | 6799 | 1593 | 151 267 | 18 616 | 1.84 (1.64-2.08) | .14 |
| Former | 5237 | 1778 | 67 465 | 13 317 | 1.62 (1.51-1.75) | |
| Current | 11 247 | 3860 | 241 999 | 47 472 | 1.70 (1.58-1.83) | |
| Smoking status for women | ||||||
| Never | 16 749 | 4514 | 462 968 | 50 414 | 2.13 (1.93-2.36) | .009 |
| Former | 451 | 177 | 5652 | 1095 | 1.98 (1.55-2.52) | |
| Current | 1454 | 543 | 31 263 | 5489 | 1.81 (1.59-2.06) | |
Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, smoking pack-years, education, marital status, rural vs urban residence, and obesity status and stratified by birth year (5-year groups) and enrollment year (5-year groups).
b
Cohorts (3 Prefecture Aichi Study, 3 Prefecture Miyagi Study, Ibaraki Prefectural Health Study, Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study 2, Korean Multi-center Cancer Cohort Study) without information on education were not included in the analysis.
c
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.