Table 1. Hospital Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Hospitals, No. (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Affiliate (n = 343) | Top-Ranked (n = 59) | ||
| Beds, median (IQR), No. | 210 (148-347) | 711 (540-893) | <.001 |
| Commission on Cancer accredited | |||
| Yes | 230 (67.1) | 58 (98.3) | <.001 |
| No | 113 (32.9) | 1 (1.7) | |
| Teaching hospital | |||
| Yes | 38 (11.1) | 56 (94.9) | <.001 |
| No | 305 (88.9) | 3 (5.1) | |
| Duration of affiliation within study period, median (IQR), y | |||
| ≤1.0 | 7 (2.0) | NA | NA |
| 1.1-2.0 | 64 (18.7) | NA | |
| 2.1-3.0 | 46 (13.4) | NA | |
| >3.0 | 226 (65.9) | NA | |
| Annual volume of all procedures, median (IQR), No.a | 10 (5-21) | 74 (56-112) | <.001 |
| Procedure volume, median (IQR), No.b | |||
| Lobectomy | 8 (3-18) | 77 (53-107) | <.001 |
| Colectomy | 15 (7-30) | 78 (59-120) | <.001 |
| Gastrectomy | 2 (1-4) | 21 (15-30) | <.001 |
| Esophagectomy | 3 (1-5) | 25 (12-34) | <.001 |
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 3 (2-8) | 43 (26-62) | <.001 |
| Proportion of colectomies performed with minimally invasive technique, median (IQR) | 0.26 (0.13-0.41) | 0.34 (0.29-0.47) | <.001 |
| Met ≥1 Leapfrog Group standard for lung, esophageal, or pancreatic resection32 | 9 (2.6) | 42 (71.2) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NA, not applicable.
a
Annual volume: number of procedures performed during affiliation period/number of months during affiliation period ×12 months.
b
Procedure volume: number of total procedures performed during full affiliation period (full study period for top-ranked hospitals).