Table 2. Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Affiliated Hospital (n = 11 928) | Top-Ranked Hospital (n = 17 300) | ||
| Age, y | |||
| 66-69 | 1687 (14.1) | 3071 (17.8) | <.001 |
| 70-74 | 3119 (26.1) | 5259 (30.4) | |
| 75-79 | 3433 (28.8) | 5254 (30.4) | |
| ≥80 | 3689 (30.9) | 3716 (21.5) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 5641 (47.3) | 8688 (50.2) | <.001 |
| Female | 6287 (52.7) | 8612 (49.8) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 10 631 (89.1) | 15 031 (86.9) | <.001 |
| Black | 765 (6.4) | 984 (5.7) | |
| Other or unknown | 532 (4.5) | 1285 (7.4) | |
| Year of surgery | |||
| 2013 | 1856 (15.6) | 3450 (19.9) | <.001 |
| 2014 | 2408 (20.2) | 3854 (22.3) | |
| 2015 | 3521 (29.5) | 4644 (26.8) | |
| 2016 | 4143 (34.7) | 5352 (30.9) | |
| Admission type | |||
| Elective | 10 955 (91.8) | 16 079 (92.9) | <.001 |
| Urgent | 973 (8.2) | 1221 (7.1) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score | |||
| 0 | 2007 (16.8) | 3053 (17.6) | .01 |
| 1-2 | 4618 (38.7) | 6853 (39.6) | |
| ≥3 | 5303 (44.5) | 7394 (42.7) | |
| Procedure | |||
| Lobectomy | 2899 (24.3) | 5551 (32.1) | <.001 |
| Colectomy | 7526 (63.1) | 5749 (33.2) | <.001 |
| Gastrectomy | 522 (4.4) | 1581 (9.1) | <.001 |
| Esophagectomy | 318 (2.7) | 1459 (8.4) | <.001 |
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 663 (5.6) | 2960 (17.1) | <.001 |