for the main comparison.

Ibuprofen plus caffeine compared with placebo for moderate to severe acute postoperative pain in adults
Patient or population: Adults with acute pain Settings: Hospital or community Intervention: Oral ibuprofen 200 mg + caffeine 100 mg Comparison: Oral placebo
Outcomes	Probable outcome with		Relative effect and NNT or NNH (95% CI)	Number of studies, participants, events	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Comments
	Comparator	Intervention
At least 50% of maximum pain relief over 4 to 6 h	100 in 1000	590 in 1000	RR 5.5 (3.5 to 8.7) NNT 2.1 (1.8 to 2.5)	4 studies 334 participants 119 events	Moderate	Number of events below 200
Participants remedicating within 8 hours	600 in 1000	260 in 1000	RR 0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) NNTp 2.9 (2.2 to 4.3)	3 studies 293 participants 128 events	Moderate	Number of events below 200
Participants with at least 1 adverse event	60 in 1000	110 in 1000	RR 1.9 (0.91 to 3.8) NNH not calculated	4 studies 336 participants 28 events	Low	Very small number of events
Participants with a serious adverse event	No serious adverse events			4 studies 336 participants 0 events	Low	Studies underpowered to detect these events
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

NNH: number needed to harm; NNT: number needed to treat; NNTp: number needed to treat to prevent an event; RR: risk ratio