Sunshine 1988.

Methods	RCT, DB, single dose, parallel groups. Medication administered when baseline pain was of at least moderate intensity. Pain assessed at 0, 30, 60 min then hourly to 6 h.
Participants	Study 3. 'General surgery' procedures (details not reported). N = 123. All M (Veterans Administration hospital). Age: not reported.
Interventions	Ketoprofen 50 mg, n = 32. Ketoprofen 150 mg, n = 31. Paracetamol 650 mg + codeine 60 mg, n = 28. Placebo, n = 32.
Outcomes	PI: 4‐point VRS. PR: 5‐point VRS. PGE: 4‐point medication rating (0 = no help, 3 = excellent) and 7‐point VRS overall rating (1 = very much worse, 7 = very much better).
Notes	Oxford Quality Score: R1, DB1, W1.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomisation not specifically mentioned, but used the same methods as other studies described as randomised. Method of sequence generation not described. "The same general methods were used in all of the studies under discussion. All studies met current standards of well‐controlled trials"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	"double‐blind", method not reported.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	"double‐blind", method not reported.
Size	High risk	< 50 participants per treatment arm.