Domac 2015.

Methods	RCT Approved by the ethics committee and informed consents obtained Setting: Turkey Funding: departmental
Participants	40 ASA I‐III participants aged 65 to 80 years undergoing femoral fracture repair under spinal anaesthesia Excluded: patients < 65 years of age or > 80 years of age, with peripheral neurological disease, mental disorders, allergy to amide local anaesthetics, coagulation/haemostasis diseases, moderate or severe liver or kidney failure, contraindication to or refusing fascia iliaca block
Interventions	Treatment group: fascia iliaca block with 15 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine and 15 mL of 2% lidocaine (n = 20) Control group: no block (n = 20) Spinal anaesthesia for surgery and IV patient‐controlled analgesia with morphine for postoperative analgesia for all participants
Outcomes	Pain at rest and on movement (positioning for spinal) and after surgery Opioids requirements for the first 4 and 48 hours Participant satisfaction
Notes	SD of 0.00 entered as 0.001
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"divided into two equal groups for this prospective double‐blind study", no details
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants in control group received no block
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Study is said to be double‐blinded. No sham block reported. Unclear who was the outcome assessor for pain scores
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No drop‐out
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All measurements mentioned in methods section given in results section
Other bias	Low risk	Groups well balanced