Haddad 1995.

Methods	RCT Setting: United Kingdom Funding: unspecified
Participants	Orthopaedic hospital in Stevenage, UK 50 participants with an extracapsular hip fracture Mean age: 77 years (range 68‐89) Percentage male: 30% Lost to follow‐up: none Excluded: dementia, unable to rate their pain
Interventions	Treatment group: femoral nerve block inserted at the time of admission using 0.3 mL/kg 0.25% bupivacaine (n = 25) Control group: no injection (n = 25)
Outcomes	Pneumonia Mortality Wound infection Pressure sores No local or systemic complications of femoral nerve blocks
Notes	Length of follow‐up: 24 hours for analgesia, unclear for other outcomes ("short term"; taken as in hospital)
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelopes
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No placebo injections used
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Admitting house surgeons and nursing staff who administered analgesia were unaware to which group participants had been allocated
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	None lost to follow‐up One failed block; data included
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All measurements mentioned in methods section given in results section
Other bias	Low risk	Groups well balanced