Jones 1985.

Methods	RCT Informed consents obtained Setting: United Kingdom Funding: unspecified
Participants	Orthopaedic hospital in London, UK 19 participants with an extracapsular hip fracture treated with a pin and plate or a sliding hip screw Mean age: 82 years (range 67‐93) Percentage female: 95% Lost to follow‐up: none Excluded: other painful lesions, signs of moderate or severe dementia, < 65 years of age, systemic disease indicating an alternative method of anaesthesia (e.g. spinal)
Interventions	Tretament group: lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh block with 15 mL 0.5% bupivacaine and adrenaline (n = 10) Control group: no block (control) (n = 9) All participants had general anaesthesia with fentanyl, thiopentone, suxamethonium, nitrous oxide, halothane. Blocks performed at completion of surgery
Outcomes	Death (24 hours)
Notes	One participant died within 24 hours of surgery, and results for this participant were not given Length of follow‐up: not stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	'Random envelopes'
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	'Random envelopes' opened at completion of surgery
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Postoperative analgesia was prescribed before allocation to respective groups, with administration performed at the discretion of the nursing staff, who were unaware of whether a block had been performed. The dose of pethidine was 25 or 50 mg intramuscularly, depending on the participant's estimated weight ‐ not on general condition
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	One lost to follow‐up Results for 1 participant who died are not included: "One patient in Group 2 who died within the 24‐hour period is not included in analysis of the results: there are thus nine patients in each group"
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All measurements mentioned in methods section given in results section
Other bias	Low risk	Groups well balanced