Tuncer 2003.

Methods	RCT Approved by the ethics committee and informed consents obtained Setting: Turkey Funding: unspecified
Participants	Orthopaedic hospital in Konya, Turkey 40 participants with a hip fracture undergoing surgery for a trochanteric hip fracture Mean age: 59 years (range not stated) Percentage male: not stated Lost to follow‐up: none Excluded: coagulation abnormality, age < 18 or > 80 years, weight < 50 or > 100 kg, known allergy to bupivacaine or opioids, previous analgesic treatment with opioids, inability to understand pain scales or use a patient‐controlled analgesia device
Interventions	All participants had general anaesthesia with fentanyl, propofol atracurium, nitrous oxide, isoflurane. At completion of the operation, participants had: Treatment group: femoral (3‐in‐1) nerve block with 30 mL 2% lidocaine with 2% epinephrine 1:200,000, followed by continuous infusion with 0.125% bupivacaine for 48 hours (n = 20) Control group: patient‐controlled analgesia with morphine (control) (n = 20)
Outcomes	Participant satisfaction (rated as excellent, good, moderate or poor; we attributed scores from 1 to 4 to compare the data)
Notes	Length of follow‐up: 48 hours Email sent to study authors on 24 May 2015, to ask for additional information; no reply
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomized at completion of surgery, method unspecified
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomized after inclusion
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not mentioned
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Two missing results for participant satisfaction
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All measurements mentioned in methods section given in results section
Other bias	Low risk	Groups well balanced