Skip to main content
. 2017 May 19;2017(5):CD011598. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011598.pub2

Comparison 3. Serious adverse event end of intervention.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Serious adverse events ‐ overall 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
2 Serious adverse events ‐ bias 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
2.1 High risk of bias 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
2.2 Low risk of bias 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 Serious adverse events ‐ mode of delivery 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
3.1 General nutrition support 6 1420 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.19 [0.79, 1.78]
3.2 Fortified 2 290 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.24 [0.61, 2.54]
3.3 Oral 33 8569 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.79, 1.06]
3.4 Enteral 43 3935 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.74, 0.98]
3.5 Parenteral 48 7519 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.85, 1.14]
3.6 Mixed 5 354 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.77 [0.33, 1.76]
4 Serious adverse events ‐ by medical specialty 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
4.1 Cardiology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.2 Medical gastroenterology and hepatology 10 518 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.60, 1.36]
4.3 High risk 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.4 Geriatrics 13 2554 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.66, 1.08]
4.5 Pulmonary disease 3 118 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.44 [0.15, 1.28]
4.6 Endocrinology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.7 Infectious diseases 1 56 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.23 [0.52, 2.93]
4.8 Rheumatology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.9 Haematology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.10 Nephrology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.11 Gastroenterologic surgery 57 4320 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.86 [0.72, 1.02]
4.12 Trauma surgery 5 225 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.55, 1.57]
4.13 Ortopaedics 12 1210 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.39 [0.90, 2.14]
4.14 Plastic, reconstructive, and aesthetic surgery 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.15 Vascular surgery 3 48 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.5 [0.05, 4.67]
4.16 Transplant surgery 3 84 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.58 [0.23, 1.50]
4.17 Urology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.18 Thoracic surgery 3 592 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.47 [0.06, 3.62]
4.19 Neurological surgery 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.20 Oro‐maxillo‐facial surgery 1 32 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.44, 1.78]
4.21 Anaesthesiology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.22 Emergency medicine 7 5198 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.80, 1.22]
4.23 Psychiatry 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.24 Neurology 7 5168 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.78 [0.58, 1.06]
4.25 Oncology 5 309 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.12 [0.51, 2.44]
4.26 Dermatology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.27 Gynaecology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
4.28 Mixed 7 1655 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.24 [0.92, 1.67]
5 Serious adverse events ‐ based on adequacy of the amount of calories 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
5.1 Clearly adequate in intervention and clearly inadequate in control 28 7405 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.80, 1.11]
5.2 Inadequate in the experimental or adequate in the control 28 7335 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.84, 1.13]
5.3 Experimental group is overfed 6 224 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.85 [0.44, 1.67]
5.4 Unclear intake in control or experimental 75 7123 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.70, 0.98]
6 Serious adverse events ‐ different screening tools 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
6.1 NRS 2002 4 5064 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.87, 1.31]
6.2 MUST 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6.3 MNA 2 117 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.12, 3.18]
6.4 SGA 3 1175 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.35, 1.92]
6.5 Other means 128 15731 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.82, 0.98]
7 Serious adverse events ‐ participants characterised as 'at nutritional risk' due to one of the following conditions 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
7.1 Major surgery 65 5180 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.71, 0.99]
7.2 Stroke 6 5139 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.78 [0.58, 1.06]
7.3 ICU participants including trauma 12 5423 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.98 [0.81, 1.19]
7.4 Frail elderly participants with less severe conditions known to increase protein requirements 19 2406 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.97 [0.75, 1.26]
7.5 Participants do not fall into one of the categories above 35 3939 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.01 [0.85, 1.21]
8 Serious adverse events ‐ participants characterised as 'at nutritional risk' due to one of the following criteria 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
8.1 BMI less than 20.5 kg/m2 2 247 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.19 [0.58, 2.45]
8.2 Weight loss of at least 5% during the last three months 1 32 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.3 Weight loss of at least 10% during the last six months 1 32 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.44, 1.78]
8.4 Insufficient food intake during the last week (50% of requirements or less) 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.5 Participants characterised as 'at nutritional risk' by other means 133 21776 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
9 Serious adverse events ‐ participants characterised as 'at nutritional risk' due to biomarkers or anthropometrics 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
9.1 Biomarkers 8 703 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.39 [0.16, 0.95]
9.2 Anthropometric measures 15 1677 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.68, 1.20]
9.3 Mixed 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.4 Characterised by other means 114 19707 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.86, 1.02]
10 Serious adverse events ‐ randomisation year 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
10.1 Before 1960 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10.2 1960 to 1979 5 184 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.40 [0.70, 2.78]
10.3 1980 to 1999 86 11472 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.82, 1.00]
10.4 After 1999 46 10431 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.75, 1.06]
11 Serious adverse events ‐ trials where the intervention lasts fewer than three days compared with trials where the intervention lasts three days or more 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.86, 1.01]
11.1 Three days or more 125 21408 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.94 [0.86, 1.02]
11.2 Less than three days 10 602 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.39, 1.16]
11.3 Unknown 2 77 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.25 [0.01, 5.00]
12 Serious adverse events ‐ 'best‐worst case' scenario 137 22557 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.74 [0.65, 0.83]
13 Serious adverse events ‐ 'worst‐best case' scenario 137 22557 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.92, 1.21]
14 Serious adverse events co‐interventions 137 22087 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.91 [0.84, 0.99]
14.1 received nutrition support as co‐intervention 11 5337 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.79, 1.15]
14.2 did not receive nutrition support as co‐intervention 119 16327 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.83, 0.99]
14.3 delayed versus early nutrition support 7 423 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.51, 1.57]