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. 2017 May 19;2017(5):CD011598. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011598.pub2

Comparison 21. Enteral ‐ All cause mortality ‐ end of intervention.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 All‐cause mortality ‐ overall 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
2 All‐cause mortality ‐ bias 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
2.1 High risk of bias 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
2.2 Low risk of bias 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3 All‐cause mortality ‐ medical speciality 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
3.1 Cardiology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.2 Medical gastroenterology and hepatology 4 289 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.40, 1.42]
3.3 Geriatrics 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.4 Pulmonary disease 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.5 Endocrinology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.6 Infectious diseases 1 56 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.61 [0.66, 3.92]
3.7 Rheumatology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.8 Haematology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.9 Nephrology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.10 Gastroenterologic surgery 13 1063 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.44, 1.18]
3.11 Trauma surgery 2 139 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [0.20, 1.28]
3.12 Orthopaedics 4 248 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.21, 3.81]
3.13 Plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.14 Vascular surgery 1 13 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.15 Transplant surgery 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.16 Urology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.17 Thoracic surgery 2 548 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.22 [0.03, 1.86]
3.18 Neurological surgery 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.19 Oro‐maxillo‐facial surgery 1 32 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 3.38 [0.15, 77.12]
3.20 Anaesthesiology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.21 Emergency medicine 3 154 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.77 [0.31, 1.94]
3.22 Psychiatry 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.23 Neurology 3 1027 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.33, 1.37]
3.24 Oncology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.25 Dermatology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.26 Gynaecology 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
3.27 Mixed 2 153 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [0.03, 2.99]
4 All‐cause mortality ‐ based on adequacy of the amount of calories 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
4.1 Clearly adequate in experimental group and clearly inadequate in control group 7 736 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.70 [0.40, 1.25]
4.2 Inadequate in the experimental group or adequate in the control group 7 410 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.72 [0.28, 1.85]
4.3 Experimental group is overfed 2 74 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.15, 3.79]
4.4 Unclear intake in experimental group or control group 20 2502 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.73, 1.08]
5 All‐cause mortality ‐ different screening tools 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
5.1 NRS 2002 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.2 MUST 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.3 MNA 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5.4 SGA 1 323 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.13, 4.44]
5.5 Other means 35 3399 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
6 All‐cause mortality ‐ participants characterised as 'at nutritional risk' due to one of the following conditions 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
6.1 Major surgery 18 1746 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.69 [0.45, 1.06]
6.2 Stroke 3 1027 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.33, 1.37]
6.3 ICU participants including trauma 5 293 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.62 [0.32, 1.21]
6.4 Frail elderly participants with less severe conditions known to increase protein requirements 2 126 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.59 [0.02, 125.73]
6.5 Participants do not fall into one of the categories above 8 530 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.95 [0.58, 1.56]
7 All‐cause mortality ‐ participants characterised as 'at nutritional risk' due to one of the following criteria 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
7.1 BMI less than 20.5 kg/m2 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.2 Weight loss of at least 5% during the last three months 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.3 Weight loss of at least 10% during the last six months 1 32 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 3.38 [0.15, 77.12]
7.4 Insufficient food intake during the last week (50% of requirements or less) 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7.5 Participants characterised as 'at nutritional risk' by other means 35 3690 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.02]
8 All‐cause mortality ‐ participants characterised as 'at nutritional risk' due to biomarkers or anthropometrics 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
8.1 Biomarkers 1 520 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.15 [0.01, 2.84]
8.2 Anthropometric measures 2 122 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.71 [0.24, 2.08]
8.3 Characterised by other means 33 3080 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.89 [0.76, 1.04]
9 All‐cause mortality ‐ randomisation year 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
9.1 Before 1960 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9.2 1960‐1979 1 26 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.44 [0.02, 9.98]
9.3 1980‐1999 23 2463 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.93 [0.78, 1.11]
9.4 After 1999 12 1233 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.52, 1.00]
10 All‐cause mortality ‐ trials where the intervention lasts fewer than three days compared with trials where the intervention lasts three days or more 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
10.1 Three days or more 30 3287 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
10.2 Less than three days 6 435 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.68 [0.28, 1.65]
10.3 Unknown 0 0 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
11 All‐cause mortality ‐ 'best‐worst case' scenario 36 3759 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.84 [0.72, 0.98]
12 All‐cause mortality ‐ 'worst‐best case' scenario 36 3759 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.79, 1.06]
13 All‐cause mortality co‐interventions 36 3722 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.88 [0.75, 1.03]
13.1 received nutrition support as co‐intervention 3 126 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.60 [0.28, 1.28]
13.2 did not receive nutrition support as co‐intervention 27 3253 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.79 [0.62, 1.02]
13.3 delayed versus early nutrition support 6 343 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.06 [0.57, 1.97]