Chen 1995b.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, China
Participants	24 hospitalised adults undergoing abdominal elective surgery, at nutritional risk due to major surgery Male:Female = 15:9 Mean age = 53.5 years Exclusion criteria: Unclear
Interventions	Experimental group A: Received the compound nutrition elements of Qingdao biochemical pharmaceutical factory (400 kcal, N 2.56g per 100 g) from the 1st day after the operation. It was infused as a 10% nutrient solution continuously with the speed of 50 ml/hr, reaching the maximum volume (25% of the daily nutrient solution 3000 ml) gradually within a few days according to tolerance. Oral intake was maintained during this time. The amount of perfusion was gradually decreased and the tube removed, when nutrition sufficed from oral intake.(n = 8) Experimental group B: enteral nutrition support after postoperative flatus, in the same way as experimental group A(n = 8) Control group: Conventional intravenous infusion after surgery. Some received albumin or blood transfusion once or twice.(n = 8)
Outcomes	Complication, weight, daily calorie, nitrogen and liquid intake, albumin and transferrin, urea nitrogen concentration
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We tried but failed to contact the author by phone.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The trial was described as being randomised, but it was unclear how the sequence was generated.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The trial was described as being randomised, but it was unclear how the allocation was concealed.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel were not blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The procedure of blinding was insufficiently described.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The numbers and reasons for withdrawals and dropouts were not clearly stated.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained and the trial did not report on all‐cause mortality.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appears to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.