Chourdakis 2012.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, Greece
Participants	59 hospitalised adults admitted to the ICU, at nutritional risk due to being at the ICU Male:Female = 47:12 Mean age = 34.7 Exclusion criteria: Age < 18 or ≥ 70 years, GCS score ≤ 9, obesity (≥ 30 BMI), pregnancy, lactation, had received corticosteroids or thyroidal hormones or both during the previous month, any of the following conditions: Heart failure, respiratory problems, metabolic syndrome, immunodeficiency, diabetes, neurological problems, internal bleeding, indication for TPN, delay of admission to ICU > 24 hrs from injury
Interventions	Experimental group: early (within 24 – 48 hrs) enteral feeding (EEF) In the EEF group, enteral feeding was established through the nasogastric tube and feeding began within 24 – 48 hrs from admission to the ICU. The initial administration rate was 30 mL/hr, and the rate reached 80 – 100 mL/hr within 48 hrs by subsequently increasing by 10 mL/hr every 4 – 6 hrs. (n = 34) Control group: Standard delayed enteral feeding (DEF): DEF was initiated when gastroparesis was resolved (> 48 hrs) but no later than 5 days after admission to the ICU, and the goal for the administration rate was to reach 100% of the needs within 4 days. (n = 25)
Outcomes	The administration rate for the prescribed quantity was calculated for < 24 hrs, excessive gastric residue, frequent diarrhoea, ileus, and thrombocytopenia. Complications, mortality, duration of stay in the ICU, hormonal status
Study dates	August 2003 to May 2005
Notes	We contacted the authors by email: kouvelas@auth.gr on 5th October 2015. We received no answer.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	"open‐labelled trial"
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	"open‐labelled trial"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were complete data for all participants.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Mortality and serious adverse events are reported.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.