Espaulella 2000.

Methods	Randomised, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, Spain.
Participants	171 hospitalised adults hospitalised due to hip fracture, at nutritional risk due to being frail elderly Male:Female = 36:135 Mean age = 82.5 years Exclusion criteria: Younger than 70, advanced dementia, need for IVN, those with pathological fractures or fractures not due to accidental falls
Interventions	Experimental group: Oral supplement of 20g protein and 800 mg calcium for 60 days(n = 85) Control group: Placebo (n = 86) Co‐interventions: Normal diet
Outcomes	Mortality, complications, functional recovery, use of walking aids
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We contacted the authors by email: hguyer@umich.edu. We received no reply.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated in blocks of 4
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Allocation concealment with sealed envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	An independent pharmacist assigned the study number, and prepared the appropriate nutritional supplement.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the outcome assessment was blinded.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	The pattern of dropouts was not clearly stated, and exceeded 5%. The trial did not use multiple imputation.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained, and the trial did not report all‐cause mortality or serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	High risk	The trial was funded by Clinical Nutrition SA.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.