Keele 1997.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, UK
Participants	100 hospitalised adults admitted for major abdominal surgery, at nutritional risk due to major abdominal surgery Male:female = 48:38 (gender not reported for 14) Mean age: 62.5 years
Interventions	Experimental group: Standard ward diet + oral supplements (200 ml (1.5 kcal/ml and 0.05 g protein/ml)(n = 47) Control group: Standard ward diet(n = 53)
Outcomes	All‐cause mortality, complications, nutritional status, anthropometrics, hand‐grip strength
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We could obtain no contact information for the authors.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	There were above 5% dropouts, and the trial did not use proper intention‐to‐treat analysis.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Both all‐cause mortality, and serious adverse events were reported.
For‐profit bias	High risk	The trial was funded by Nutricia research, which might have a conflict of interest.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.