Kendell 1982.
| Methods | Randomised clinical trial, USA | |
| Participants | 24 hospitalised adults undergoing orthognathic surgery and maxillomandibular fixation, at nutritional risk due major surgery to decreased food intake Male:Female = 5:17 (gender not reported for two participants) Mean age = 25 years Exclusion criteria: Participants who showed evidence of pathologic condition or systemic disease |
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| Interventions | Experimental group: Participants were instructed to consume a minimum of 50% of their calculated caloric requirements in the form of a nutritionally‐complete liquid supplement containing 1.5 cal/ml. The supplement consisted of 14.7% of calories as protein, 32% as fat and 53.3% as carbohydrates. The intervention lasted 6 weeks by mouth.(n = 12) Control group: No intervention (n = 12) Co‐interventions: Dextrose (5%) in water and ¼ normal saline solution were administered postoperatively at a rate consistent with each participant's requirement. Everyone consumed blenderised foods. All were required to refrain from consuming any other commercial supplement or vitamin preparation. |
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| Outcomes | Weight, mid‐arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold, creatinine height index, serum albumin, transferrin, total lymphocyte count, urinary nitrogen and creatinine, serum chemistries, caloric intake, protein and carbohydrate intake, thiamine, niacin, zinc, folic acid and riboflavin intake and length of hospital stay | |
| Study dates | Not stated | |
| Notes | We could obtain no contact information for the authors. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not described |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not described |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not described |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not described |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | There were complete data for all participants. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | No protocol could be obtained, and the trial did not report on all‐cause mortality or serious adverse events. |
| For‐profit bias | Unclear risk | It was unclear how the trial was funded. |
| Other bias | Low risk | The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias. |