Li 1998.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, China
Participants	20 hospitalised adults undergoing resection of pancreas and duodenum, at nutritional risk due to major surgery Male:Female = 16:4 Mean age = 56 years Exclusion criteria: Unclear
Interventions	Experimental group: TPN through central vein from the 1st day after surgery for 7 days. The calorie was 125.52 ˜ 146 KJ/(kg/day), of which 35% ˜ 40% was provided by 10% Interlipid and others by glucose. Nitrogen supply was 0.2 g/kg/day ) provided by 15‐HBC (Tianjin amino acid); vitamin and trace elements(SSPC) were supplied as conventional amount; water and electrolyte according to the balance of intake and output. All nutrients were mixed in an infusion bag, and distributed uniformly over 24 hrs. (n = 10) Control group: Conventional infusion: 200 g glucose calorie by 10% glucose liquid, without exogenous nitrogen supply, for 7 days(n = 10)
Outcomes	Weight, triceps skinfold thickness, arm circumference, and nitrogen balance
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We contacted the author by phone 3 times, but he had no time to answer.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel were not blinded.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The procedure of blinding was insufficiently described.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The numbers and reasons for withdrawals and dropouts were not clearly stated.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained and the trial dit not report on all‐cause mortality or serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.