Ljunggren 2012.
Methods | Randomised clinical trial, Sweden | |
Participants | 60 hospitalised adults undergoing elective hip fracture surgery, at nutritional risk due to being frail elderly with hip fracture Male:Female = not reported Mean age = 69 years. Exclusion criteria: endocrinologic disorders, including diabetes, and treatment with cortisone |
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Interventions | Experimental group: a carbohydrate drink (50 kcal/100 mL; Preop, NutriciaNordica AB, Stockholm, Sweden) 800 mL in the evening before the surgery (Day 0) and 400 mL 2 hrs before entering the operating room (Day 1) (n = 20) Control group: no food or water from midnight before the surgery (n = 20) |
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Outcomes | Stress (cortisol in plasma and urine), muscle catabolism (urinary 3‐methylhistidine), well‐being, glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity | |
Study dates | Not stated | |
Notes | We contacted the authors on 2nd October 2015 by email: r.hahn@telia.com. We received information on randomisation, quality of life, serious adverse events. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | The randomisation was not performed by an independent party. It was performed by making envelopes with the intervention to be received and these envelopes were then put into a bag. It was unclear if this unorthodox method was at low risk of bias. |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Low risk | The envelopes used for randomisation are described as sealed and opaque. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | The study was not blinded. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | High risk | The study was not blinded. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | There were 5% dropouts. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | The outcomes stated in the protocol were reported on. |
For‐profit bias | Low risk | Supported by: Olle Engkvist Byggmästare Foundation the Stockholm County Council (Grant number 2009 – 0433). |
Other bias | Low risk | The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias. |