López 2008.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, Spain
Participants	24 hospitalised adults undergoing elective gastroenterologic surgery, at nutritional risk due to undergoing major surgery Male:Female = not stated Mean age = not stated (between 30 ‐ 80) Exclusion criteria: no kidney or liver disease, no peritoneal carcinomatosis or known metastasis, no malnutrition (normal albumin and transthyretin, normal BMI, no weight loss greater than 10% in the last 3 months) and no metabolic disease
Interventions	Experimental group: was given 3 different formulas of parenteral nutrition Group 2: 5% glucose, 30 g/L aminoacids(n = 6) Group 3: 6.7% carbohydrates, 30 g/L aminoacids, 16.6 g/L fat(n = 6) Group 4: 10% carbohydrates, 45 g/L amino acids, 44.4 g/L fat(n = 6) Control group: 5% glucose (n = 6)
Outcomes	Whole body protein, nitrogen balance
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We contacted the authors on 13th July 2016 by email: joalopez@ir.vhebron.net. We received no reply.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random‐numbers table
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Coded black infusion bags
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The number of participants with incomplete data was not reported.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained and the trial did not report mortality or serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	Low risk	"This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health Grant FIS 97/ 0932.".
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.