MacFie 2000.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, UK
Participants	52 hospitalised adults undergoing elective major gastrointestinal surgery, at nutritional risk due to major gastrointestinal surgery Male:Female = 20:32 Mean age = 65 years Exclusion criteria: dementia, major concurrent metabolic problems, such as uncontrolled diabetes, advanced liver disease, or uraemia, and those requiring emergency surgery
Interventions	Experimental group: Oral Dietary Supplements for at least 7 days Oral dietary supplements were available in 200‐mL cartons (Fortisip, Nutricia Ltd., Towbridge, Wiltshire, UK), in a variety of flavours providing 1.5 kcal, 0.05 g protein, and 0.18 g carbohydrate per mL. A fruit‐flavored supplement (Fortijuice, Nutricia Ltd.) was available as an alternative, providing 1.25 kcal, 0.025 g protein, and 0.285 g carbohydrate per mL. Participants were instructed to drink the supplements in addition to and not in place of their normal diet and were encouraged to take a minimum of 2 cartons daily. They were advised to drink only the volume of supplement they felt able to tolerate. (n = 27) Control group: No intervention(n = 25) Co‐interventions: Normal diet
Outcomes	Nutritional status, voluntary food intake, weight loss, serum albumin, morbidity and mortality, anxiety and depression, postoperative activity levels, hand‐grip strenght, midarm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness and BMI
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We include only the inpatient part of the trial. We contacted the author on 30th June 2015 by email: johnmacfie@aol.com. We received information on financial support and randomisation.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomisation was done by a random‐number sequence.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelopes were used.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Described as unblinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Described as unblinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	The amount of dropouts was unclear.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No protocol published, but the trial reported all‐cause mortality and serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	Low risk	No financial support.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.