Neuvonen 1984.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, Finland
Participants	19 hospitalised adults undergoing major abdominal surgery and having 3 out of the following 7 criteria: weight loss > 5% a month, the weight‐for‐height index, arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold thickness or creatinine‐height index was < 90% of normal or if the serum albumin concentration was < 32 g/l or the serum pre‐albumin concentration was < 0.08 g/l, at nutritional risk due major abdominal surgery Male:Female = 12:7 Mean age = 55 years Exclusion criteria: Not stated
Interventions	Experimental group: TPN was started 10 days before the planned operation. The participants received nutrition through a central venous catheter which included 1 ‐ 2 g/kg/day amino acids, 150 ‐ 200 kcal/1gN (glucose and fat), 40 ‐ 60 ml/kg water together with the necessary minerals and vitamins(n = 9) Control group: No treatment(n = 10)
Outcomes	Leucocyte counts, mitogen‐ and antigen‐induced lymphocyte proliferative responses, complications, mortality
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We found no contact information for the authors.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel were not blinded due to the nature of the intervention.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were no dropouts.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No protocol could be obtained, but the trial reported serious adverse event and mortality.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.