Rana 1992.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, country unknown.
Participants	54 hospitalised adults admitted for 1 of the following elective gastrointestinal surgical procedures: Gastro‐oesophagectomy, total and subtotal gastrectomy for carcinoma, open cholecystectomy, and exploration of common bile duct, palliative cholecystojejunostomy and enterostomy or choledochojejunostomy and enterostomy for carcinoma of the pancreas, ileocolonic resection, hemicolectomy or anterior resection of colon and abdominoperineal resection of colon; at nutritional risk due to major surgery Male:Female = 19:21 (only participants that completed the study) Mean age: 60.7 years (only participants that completed the study) Exclusion criteria: dementia, received any form of pre‐operative nutritional support.
Interventions	Experimental group: Oral nutrition sip feed of 200 ml. (1.5 kcal/ml, 7.8 g/L)(n = 27) Control group: No intervention(n = 27) Co‐intervention: Standard hospital diet
Outcomes	Nutritional status, nutritional intake, monitoring and complications
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We could obtain no contact information for the authors.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	More than 5% dropped out, and the trial did not use proper methodology to deal with missing data.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No protocol could be obtained but the trial reported serious adverse events and mortality.
For‐profit bias	High risk	The trial was funded by Nutricia.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.