Sharma 2013.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, UK
Participants	55 hospitalised adults undergoing colorectal surgery, at nutritional risk due to major gastro‐intestinal surgery Male:Female = 35:20 Mean age = 66 Exclusion criteria: Dementia, lactose intolerance, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, age under 16, musculoskeletal conditions preventing accurate use of the hand‐grip dynamometer and unable to feed orally preoperatively. Postoperative exclusion criteria were postoperative admission to ICU or administration of TPN.
Interventions	Experimental group: Received standard diet + 6 x 60 ml/day of Pro‐Cal (3.33 kcal/ml and 0.06 mg/ml of protein) for the duration of the hospital stay(n = 32) Control group: Received standard diet for the duration of the hospital stay (n = 30)
Outcomes	Primary outcome: Muscle strength at discharge Secondary outcome: Daily calorie intake, nausea, days to first flatus, days to first bowel movement and postoperative length of hospital stay
Study dates	Between June 2007 and November 2010
Notes	We contacted the authors in September 2015 by email: dr_miteshsharma@yahoo.co.uk. We received no reply.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Computer‐generated
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	The envelopes were described as sealed but not opaque.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	7 randomised participants were later excluded resulting in above 5% dropouts. The trial did not account for the missing participants.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained and the trial did not report on all‐cause mortality or serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	Low risk	"The resources of our department were utilized to conduct the study".
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.