Smith 1985.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, Australia
Participants	50 hospitalised adults with gastro‐intestinal tract malignancy scheduled for surgical treatment, at nutritional risk due to undergoing major surgery Male:Female = 34:16 Mean age = 65 years Exclusion criteria: emergency cases, people with peritonitis or bowel obstruction
Interventions	Experimental group: enteral nutrition (Isocal) containing 34 g protein, 44 g fat and 133 g glucose a litre (n = 25) Control group: no intervention(n = 25) Co‐intervention: intravenous isotonic fluids and standard hospital diet
Outcomes	Mortality, complications, length of hospital stay
Study dates	January 1981 to June 1983
Notes	We could obtain no contact information for the authors.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomly‐ordered cards
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Sealed envelopes but it was unclear if they were opaque.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	It was unclear how many participants had incomplete outcome data.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	The trial reported mortality and complications.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.