Sonnenfeld 1978.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, France
Participants	26 hospitalised adults undergoing gastro‐intestinal surgery, at nutritional risk due to major surgery Male:Female = 17:9 Mean age = 46.5 years Exclusion criteria: Not reported
Interventions	Experimental group: parenteral nutrition 12.4 g Nitrogen (1200 kcal) and 1200 kcal of glucose for 2 days(n = 11) Control group: no intervention (n = 15) Co‐interventions: parenteral nutrition from day 2, 12.4 g Nitrogen (1200 kcal) and 1200 kcal of glucose, given until they tolerate oral intake
Outcomes	Nitrogen balance, complications, mortality
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We could find no contact information for the authors.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were no dropouts.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	The trial reported mortality and serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.