Soop 2004.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, Sweden/UK
Participants	20 hospitalised adults undergoing elective major colorectal surgery, at nutritional risk due to major surgery Male:Female = 12:6 (gender not reported for two participants) Mean age = 62 years Exclusion criteria: age below 18 years or above 80 years; BMI below 18 or above 30 kg/m2
Interventions	Experimental group: Immediate postoperative enteral nutrition with an energy‐dense residue‐free solution (1·5 kcal/ml Nutrison Energy, Nutricia)(n = 10) Control group: Immediate postoperative enteral nutrition with a hypocaloric solution with an indistinguishable appearance (0·2 kcal/ml Nutricia)(n = 10)
Outcomes	Urinary nitrogen losses, insulin resistance, blood glucose, complication and hospital stay
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We contacted the authors in December 2015 by email: mattias.soop@mac.com. We received an initial reply but no further information was supplied.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	The control group received a solution with an indistinguishable appearance.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	There were no dropouts.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained and the trial did not report all‐cause mortality or serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	High risk	Financial support from Numico Research.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.