Summerbell 1993.
Methods | Randomised clinical trial, UK | |
Participants | 20 hospitalised adults, at nutritional risk due to low levels of albumin Male:Female = 4:16 Mean age = 87.5 years Exclusion criteria: none stated |
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Interventions | Experimental group: oral supplement (1365 kJ) twice daily (n = 10) Control group: no intervention (n = 10) Co‐intervention: normal hospital provision | |
Outcomes | Esterase activity, weight, middle‐arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness | |
Study dates | Not stated | |
Notes | We contacted the authors on 13th December 2015 by email: f.m.williams@ncl.ac.uk. We received no reply. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not described |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not described |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not described |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Not described |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | High risk | The dropouts exceeded 5% and the trial did not allow proper intention‐to‐treat methodology. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | No protocol could be obtained, and the trial did not report all‐cause mortality or serious adverse events. |
For‐profit bias | Unclear risk | It was unclear how the trial was funded. |
Other bias | Low risk | The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias. |