Summerbell 1993.

Methods	Randomised clinical trial, UK
Participants	20 hospitalised adults, at nutritional risk due to low levels of albumin Male:Female = 4:16 Mean age = 87.5 years Exclusion criteria: none stated
Interventions	Experimental group: oral supplement (1365 kJ) twice daily (n = 10) Control group: no intervention (n = 10) Co‐intervention: normal hospital provision
Outcomes	Esterase activity, weight, middle‐arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness
Study dates	Not stated
Notes	We contacted the authors on 13th December 2015 by email: f.m.williams@ncl.ac.uk. We received no reply.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	The dropouts exceeded 5% and the trial did not allow proper intention‐to‐treat methodology.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol could be obtained, and the trial did not report all‐cause mortality or serious adverse events.
For‐profit bias	Unclear risk	It was unclear how the trial was funded.
Other bias	Low risk	The trial appeared to be free of other components that could put it at risk of bias.